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Clinical reviews
AWAKE VENOVENOUS EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: CHALLENGES AND EMERGING CONCEPTS
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and ICU, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele
·
Intensive Care Medicine
· 2025
· 11 pages
This review article discusses the use of awake venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with respiratory failure, highlighting its indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages.
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Clinical reviews
PLEURAL FLUID ANALYSIS
Amit Chopra, MD; Kurt Hu, MD; David Feller-Kopman, MD; Marc A. Judson, MD
·
Pulmonology
· 2025
· 11 pages
This review provides a practical framework to maximize the diagnostic potential of pleural fluid analysis (PFA) in establishing the cause of pleural effusions. It discusses the challenges and limitations of PFA.
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Clinical reviews
PERIOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH FLUOROURACIL PLUS LEUCOVORIN, OXALIPLATIN, AND DOCETAXEL VERSUS FLUOROURACIL OR CAPECITABINE PLUS CISPLATIN AND EPIRUBICIN FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED, RESECTABLE GASTRIC OR GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA (FLOT4): A
German Cancer Consortium
·
Oncology
· 2023
· 10 pages
This study reports on the safety and efficacy of the docetaxel-based triplet FLOT as a perioperative therapy for patients with locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
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Clinical reviews
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: A REVIEW
John W. Winkelman, MD, PhD; Benjamin Wipper, MD
·
Neurology
· 12 pages
This review discusses restless legs syndrome (RLS), a sleep-related movement disorder characterized by an overwhelming urge to move the limbs, particularly the legs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations. It highlights the prevalence, associated conditions, and treatment options for RLS.
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Clinical reviews
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MINOCYCLINE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHAEMIC STROKE (EMPHASIS): A MULTICENTRE, DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Yao Lu, Ling Guan, Jialing Wu, Qianqian Yang, Meiyang Zhang, Dongyang Zhou, Hongqin Yang, Yuesong Pan, Luyan Wang, Baoshan Qiu, Chenhui Liu, Yicong Wang, Yingying Yang, Xuejiao Zhou, Hui Qu, Xiaoling Liao, Liping Liu, Xingquan Zhao, Philip M Bath, S
·
Neurology
· 2026
· 10 pages
The EMPHASIS trial investigates the efficacy and safety of minocycline in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, providing robust evidence through a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
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Clinical reviews
EFFECT OF STRESS ULCER PROPHYLAXIS WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS VS HISTAMINE-2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS ON IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AMONG ICU PATIENTS RECEIVING INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION
The PEPTIC Investigators for the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, Alberta Health Services Critical Care Strategic Clinical Network, and the Irish Critical Care Trials Group
·
Critical Care Medicine
· 2019
· 11 pages
This study compares the in-hospital mortality rates between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs) used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Clinical reviews
PATIENT PERCEPTION OF PHYSICIAN ATTIRE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW UPDATE
Hwasung Medi-Science University, Fashion Institute, Dalian Art College, Medical R&D Center, Bodyfriend
·
General Medicine
· 2025
· 11 pages
This systematic review aims to update and analyze patient perceptions of physician attire, focusing on its impact on the physician–patient relationship across different medical settings and specialties.
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Clinical reviews
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION AND SENSORY NERVE AMPLITUDE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Neurology®
·
Neurology
· 2023
· 8 pages
This document discusses the aging of the peripheral nervous system and its impact on neurologic examination and nerve conduction studies in the general population.
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Clinical reviews
NOT ALL HOSPITALIZED HEART FAILURE PATIENTS ARE THE SAME
Garrick C. Stewart, MD, MPH
·
Cardiology
· 5 pages
This document discusses the heterogeneity of hospitalized heart failure patients and the implications for treatment and outcomes. It highlights the increasing prevalence of heart failure and the challenges associated with hospitalizations.
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Clinical reviews
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
UpToDate, Inc.
·
Urology
· 2024
· 18 pages
This document reviews the clinical manifestations and diagnostic evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition in aging males that can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Clinical reviews
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR UNCOMPLICATED ACUTE APPENDICITIS
JAMA
·
General Surgery
· 2024
· 9 pages
This document presents a ten-year follow-up study of the APPAC randomized clinical trial, assessing the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults.
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Clinical reviews
EXPLORING PANDORA’S BOX: A REVIEW OF THORACIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Fundación Clínica Shaio, Universidad de La Sabana
·
Critical Care Medicine
· 2025
· 7 pages
This review systematically explores thoracic compartment syndrome (TCS), a condition that arises from increased pressure within the thoracic cavity, compromising organ function due to reduced blood flow. It aims to establish a comprehensive definition to guide diagnosis and research.
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Clinical reviews
WHAT IS A CARDIAC CT CALCIUM SCORE?
JAMA
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 1 pages
This document explains the significance of a cardiac CT calcium score in assessing the presence of calcium in the coronary arteries, which can indicate the risk of heart disease.
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Clinical reviews
UTILITY OF INTRACARDIAC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DEVICE-RELATED ENDOCARDITIS: A CONTEMPORARY SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Cleveland Clinic
·
Cardiology
· 17 pages
This systematic review evaluates the role of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE) and cardiovascular device-related endocarditis (CDIE), particularly in cases where traditional echocardiography methods are inconclusive.
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Clinical reviews
IRON DEFICIENCY
Health & Science University
·
Hematology
· 2026
· 16 pages
Iron deficiency is a common yet underrecognized clinical entity, particularly affecting children, menstruating and pregnant persons, and individuals of low socioeconomic status. Timely diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
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Clinical reviews
SURVIVAL AFTER INITIAL STRESS TESTING VS ANATOMIC TESTING IN SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Pamela S. Douglas, MD; Amanda Stebbins, MS; Borek Foldyna, MD, PhD; Manesh R. Patel, MD; Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH; Michael T. Lu, MD, MPH; Udo Hoffmann, MD, MPH; Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS; Beth Martinez, BS; Brooke Alhanti, PhD; Neha Pagidipati, MD, MPH
·
Cardiology
· 5 pages
This study analyzes long-term outcomes in patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent either functional (stress) or anatomic (coronary computed tomographic angiography) testing.
1
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Clinical reviews
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
UpToDate, Inc.
·
Urology
· 2023
· 14 pages
This document provides an overview of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the impact it has on quality of life for older men.
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Clinical reviews
INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY OF AMERICA (IDSA) POSITION STATEMENT: WHY IDSA DID NOT ENDORSE THE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA GUIDELINES 2025 UPDATE
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School; Brigham and Women's Hospital; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Prisma Health Midlands; Baylor College of Medicine; Mount Auburn Hospital; Tufts Medical Center; Summa
·
Infectious Diseases
· 3 pages
This position statement outlines the IDSA's reasons for not endorsing the updated community-acquired pneumonia guidelines, particularly regarding antibiotic use in specific patient populations.
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Clinical reviews
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR DELAY IN SEQUENTIAL AND BIVENTRICULAR PACING: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES, CRITICAL REVIEW, AND NEW PURPOSES
Department of Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
·
Cardiology
· 2012
· 10 pages
This manuscript discusses the optimization of atrioventricular (AV) delay in sequential and biventricular pacing, highlighting the importance of proper settings for successful stimulation. It critically reviews various methods for programming AV delay and suggests new approaches for achieving optimal outcomes.
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Clinical reviews
CRITICAL CARE AFTER THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY IN ACUTE STROKE: WHO REALLY NEEDS THE ICU?
Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health
·
Neurology
· 9 pages
This article examines the necessity of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke, focusing on identifying which patients truly require ICU monitoring.
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Clinical reviews
OSTEOPOROSIS
Carrie Ye, Peter Ebeling, Gregory Kline
·
Endocrinology
· 2025
· 14 pages
This Seminar presents an updated approach to osteoporosis consultation, drawing upon published evidence and collaborative expert opinion to place the data in a pragmatic and useful context for clinicians.
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Clinical reviews
WHAT'S NEW IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Naomi F Botkin, MD, Todd F Dardas, MD, MS, Susan B Yeon, MD, JD
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 15 pages
This document provides updates on recent advancements and findings in cardiovascular medicine, highlighting significant studies and their implications for clinical practice.
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Clinical reviews
BEDSIDE ULTRASOUND OF THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN TO ASSESS FLUID STATUS AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION: THE POCUS-JVD STUDY
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 6 pages
This study investigates the use of bedside ultrasound of the internal jugular vein (IJV) to assess fluid status and right ventricular function in patients with heart failure. It evaluates various ultrasound measurements and their correlation with right atrial pressure.
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Clinical reviews
BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; University of Turin, Italy; University of Genoa, Italy
·
Rheumatology
· 2023
· 14 pages
This document provides evidence and practice-based guidance on the use of biological therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions.
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