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Mangusho Joseph
The document introduces pleural effusion as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space and outlines normal pleural fluid dynamics. It reviews basic pleural anatomy, epidemiological patterns globally and in Uganda, and the major causes such as heart failure, infection, and malignancy. Clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options—including thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, pleurodesis, and pharmacologic measures—are detailed. Procedural considerations for chest drain insertion and potential complications like iatrogenic hemothorax are also discussed.
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