Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease Clinical Practice

European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)

The guideline, authored by the ESVS Guidelines Committee, updates prior recommendations with new evidence on medical therapy, surgical revascularisation, and endovascular interventions. It addresses risk stratification, antiplatelet regimens, and the impact of surgeon volume on outcomes such as stroke and death. Specific sections discuss cervical plexus blockade techniques and the safety of combined antiplatelet therapy. Unanswered questions from the 2017 guidelines are highlighted to guide future research. The document is intended for vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, and clinicians managing cerebrovascular disease.