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Clinical reviews
THE 2026 AHA/ASA GUIDELINE UPDATES TO MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE: A GUIDE FOR RADIOLOGISTS
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
·
Neuroradiology
· 2026
· 22 pages
This document provides a focused review of the updated guidelines for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), emphasizing imaging and broader inpatient management strategies.
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Clinical reviews
SUSPECTED ENCEPHALITIS IN ADULTS
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool; Department of Neurology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust; Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;
·
Neurology
· 18 pages
This document discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of suspected encephalitis in adults, emphasizing the importance of timely treatment and recognition of various causes.
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Clinical reviews
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS TO PREVENT POSTCESAREAN INFECTION: WHY? WHICH ANTIMICROBIAL, WHEN, HOW
Luis Sanchez-Ramos, MD; Roxana Preis, MD; Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci
·
Obstetrics and Gynecology
· 21 pages
This document discusses the importance of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing postcesarean infections, detailing the timing and choice of antibiotics.
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Clinical reviews
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS TO PREVENT POSTCESAREAN INFECTION: WHY? WHICH ANTIMICROBIAL, WHEN, HOW
Luis Sanchez-Ramos, MD; Roxana Preis, MD; Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci
·
Obstetrics and Gynecology
· 21 pages
This document discusses the importance of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing postcesarean infections, detailing the timing and choice of antimicrobial agents.
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Clinical reviews
TROPICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND SKIN MANIFESTATIONS: A DIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORK
Gaia Cologgi, Marianna Giurco, Rebecca Donadoni, Chiara Sepulcri, Matteo Bassetti
·
Infectious Diseases
· 11 pages
This narrative review outlines a pragmatic diagnostic flowchart based on the most common cutaneous manifestations of tropical infections, offering clinicians a practical tool to recognize lesions and to select the most appropriate investigations to support the diagnostic process.
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Clinical reviews
UPDATE ON TRANSFUSION-RELATED ACUTE LUNG INJURY: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT
Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
·
Transfusion Medicine
· 2023
· 17 pages
This article reviews the pathogenesis and management strategies for transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), a severe adverse event associated with blood transfusions.
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Clinical reviews
Kidney disease and heart failure
Carolyn S.P. Biykem Bozkurt, David Z.I. Cherney, Justin A. Ezekowitz, Meg J. Jardine, Sadiya S. Khan, Magdalena Madero, Mark J. Sarnak, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Michael Cheung, Jennifer M. King, Morgan E. Grams, Michel Jadoul, Nisha Bansal
·
Cardiology
· 2024
· 19 pages
A comprehensive review of contemporary challenges and emerging evidence in the management of heart failure, with emphasis on kidney disease interactions and therapeutic controversies.
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Clinical reviews
ECHO SUMMARY,28/MAR/2024 - SESSION TITLE: MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN & ADULTS
Makerere University School of Medicine
·
Infectious Diseases
· 2024
· 10 pages
This document summarizes an ECHO session focused on the epidemiology, risk factors, and management of meningitis in both children and adults, emphasizing the importance of adhering to national guidelines.
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Clinical reviews
A TEST IN CONTEXT: E/A AND E/E0 TO ASSESS DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND LV FILLING PRESSURE
American College of Cardiology
·
Cardiology
· 2017
· 14 pages
This article discusses the assessment of diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular filling pressure using E/A and E/e' ratios, highlighting the pearls and pitfalls of mitral inflow and tissue Doppler imaging.
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Clinical reviews
COMPLEX CESAREAN SECTION: SURGICAL APPROACH TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AND POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
Royal Free Hospital, University College London, UK
·
Obstetrics
· 2025
· 12 pages
This article discusses the increasing incidence of cesarean sections and the challenges faced by obstetricians in managing complex cases. It proposes a standardized surgical protocol aimed at reducing intraoperative complications and postpartum hemorrhage.
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Clinical reviews
A 2025 Update on Mitral Valve Disease – Focusing on Mitral Stenosis: Quantification, Clinical Management, and Guideline Review
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University; Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 16 pages
This review article compares the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of mitral stenosis (MS), a major cause of valvular heart disease globally, from various guidelines. It systematically reviews and contrasts the guidelines to appraise clinical judgment and management strategies.
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Clinical reviews
RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: EPIDEMIOLOGY, MECHANISMS AND CONTEMPORARY THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
Department of Cardiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India; Department of Cardiology, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
·
Cardiology
· 14 pages
This article discusses resistant hypertension (RH), characterized by uncontrolled blood pressure despite treatment with multiple antihypertensive agents. It highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management strategies.
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Clinical reviews
ACUTE RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE IN THE MEDICAL ICU
Amos E. Dodi, Mark Jacobs
·
Critical Care Medicine
· 2025
· 21 pages
This document reviews the complexities of right ventricular failure (RVF) in the medical intensive care unit, addressing its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
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Clinical reviews
RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF SEPSIS AND BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
·
Infectious Disease
· 22 pages
This document reviews the current standards for diagnosing sepsis and summarizes technologies used for detecting pathogens and host-response biomarkers in blood. It highlights the challenges in rapid diagnosis and discusses ideal diagnostic approaches for bloodstream infections.
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Clinical reviews
CHALLENGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OBESE PATIENTS
American College of Cardiology
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 15 pages
This review examines the unique clinical challenges in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with obesity, highlighting the complexities involved in management and treatment adjustments.
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Clinical reviews
OBESITY AND ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Marco Zuin, MD, MS, Gregory Piazza, MD, MS, Stefano Barco, MD, PhD, Laurent Bertoletti, MD, PhD, Michal Ciurzynski, MD, PhD, Nika Skoro-Sajer, MD, Marcin Kurzyna, MD, PhD, Sophia Anastasia Mouratoglou, MD, Lukas Hobohm, MD, Frederikus A. Klok, MD, PhD
·
Pulmonology
· 2025
· 15 pages
This document discusses the unique clinical challenges presented by obesity in the management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), emphasizing the need for tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Clinical reviews
CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE REVISITED: PHYSIOLOGY, PITFALLS, MISCONCEPTIONS, AND MODERN CLINICAL INTERPRETATION IN CRITICAL CARE
Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, University Hospital of Siena; Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles
·
Critical Care
· 18 pages
This review discusses the evolving interpretation of central venous pressure (CVP) in critical care, highlighting its limitations as a standalone marker for fluid responsiveness and the importance of integrating it with other hemodynamic variables.
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Clinical reviews
IDENTIFICATION OF AN OPTIMAL THRESHOLD TO DEFINE OLIGURIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
BMC
·
Intensive Care Medicine
· 10 pages
This study aims to determine the optimal threshold to define oliguria in critically ill patients, challenging current consensus criteria. It involves a cohort study of adult patients in a multi-disciplinary intensive care unit, analyzing urinary output and mortality data.
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Clinical reviews
THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MALNUTRITION
Paula T. Littlejohn, Ravi Holani, Bruce A. Vallance, B. Brett Finlay
·
Nutrition
· 2026
· 16 pages
This review synthesizes evidence showing that the gut microbiota plays a central role in malnutrition, impacting nutrient utilization and metabolic health. It discusses implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, emphasizing microbiome restoration as a potential solution.
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Clinical reviews
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland; College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba
·
Cardiology
· 7 pages
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin plus standard of care versus empagliflozin plus standard of care for treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness from a healthcare system perspective.
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Clinical reviews
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA
Universitätsklinikum der Technischen Universität München, Germany
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 13 pages
This document provides practical guidance on the management of dyslipidaemia, focusing on key lipid parameters and treatment options for cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Clinical reviews
HIV INFECTION
University of Cape Town, Duke Global Health
·
Infectious Disease
· 2023
· 21 pages
This document provides a comprehensive overview of HIV infection, addressing its epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, management, and quality of life considerations for affected individuals.
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Clinical reviews
CURRENT APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LOW-PHOSPHOLIPID ASSOCIATED CHOLELITHIASIS SYNDROME
Hospital
·
Gastroenterology
· 7 pages
This review describes the recent advances in genetic and clinical characterization, diagnosis, and management of low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome, a rare genetic form of intrahepatic cholesterol lithiasis affecting mainly young adults.
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Clinical reviews
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Elena Montalván Miró and Néstor P. Sánchez
·
Dermatology
· 43 pages
This document discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common bacterial, viral, and fungal mucocutaneous infections encountered in internal medicine.
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