Clinical reviews

HCWM Operational guidelines

General Medicine

ESC 2024 Hypertension Guidelines

General Medicine· 1 pages

BEYOND DYSPEPSIA: PREVENTING THE COMPLICATIONS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

Dr. Anthony Ocanit·Gastroenterology· 2026· 17 pages

This document discusses the burden of Helicobacter pylori infection, its pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and the importance of testing and treatment to prevent complications.

Management of Hypertension in Diabetic Kidney Disease

European Society of Cardiology·Cardiology· 2024· 40 pages

This clinical review outlines the therapeutic framework for managing hypertension in patients with diabetic kidney disease, focusing on blood pressure targets, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, and organ-protective pharmacotherapy.

Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Warren Isakow, M.D.·Critical Care· 18 pages

An overview of acute respiratory failure, defining the condition, classifying it into hypoxemic and hypercapnic types, and outlining the underlying pathophysiology and clinical approach to diagnosis and management.

Acute Respiratory Failure Overview

Warren Isakow, M.D.·Critical Care Medicine· 2007· 1 pages

An overview of acute respiratory failure, describing its classification into hypoxemic and hypercapnic types, underlying pathophysiology, and a stepwise diagnostic approach.

Persistent Critical Illness in COVID-19: A Scottish Cohort Study

University of Edinburgh, Public Health Scotland, NHS Forth Valley, NHS Grampian, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, University of Glasgow, NHS Lothian·Critical Care· 2022· 10 pages

This study examines the prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and persistent critical illness in Scotland. Almost half of all patients with COVID-19 admitted to critical care developed persistent critical illness, with high resource use in critical care and beyond.

Epilepsy Risk After Febrile Convulsions

Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge·Pediatrics· 1991· 1 pages

A national cohort study to identify children with febrile brain damage and determine the number and type of subsequent afebrile seizures. The study found that the risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions is higher for children with complex febrile convulsions.

Nursing Students' Clinical Practice Experiences: A Qualitative Study

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran·Nursing Education· 2005· 7 pages

A qualitative focus‑group study of 90 nursing students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences identified themes such as initial clinical anxiety, theory‑practice gap, clinical supervision, and professional role, revealing dissatisfaction and anxiety about clinical competence.

Chamberlain's Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine

The Third People's Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical College·Internal Medicine· 1980· 1 pages

A classic introductory guide to medical diagnosis, covering history taking, general principles of examination, case recording, and the symptoms and signs of various organ systems, including dedicated chapters on fever, tropical medicine, and pediatric examination.

2023 Update on Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients: Management in the Emergency Department

Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara·Emergency Medicine· 2023· 1 pages

This review aims to update physicians on the main pillars of treatment for sepsis and septic shock, including empirical antimicrobial treatment, fluid replacement, and vasoactive agents. The management of sepsis and septic shock has significantly progressed in the last few years, and improving knowledge of the main therapeutic cornerstones is crucial to achieve better patient outcomes.

2025 ADA Diabetes Care Standards Updates

American Diabetes Association·Endocrinology· 2025· 11 pages

A concise overview of the 2025 ADA Standards of Care updates, highlighting changes relevant to primary care practice such as terminology, weight‑based treatment, expanded CGM use, and new screening recommendations.

Health Ethics in Research: CIOMS/WHO Guidelines

Prof. Medi Kawuma·Medical Ethics· 12 pages

An overview of international guidelines for biomedical research involving human participants, focusing on the application of the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical principles in clinical research.

ABC of intensive care

Hospital·Critical Care· 1999· 49 pages

This document reviews the history, organization, patient case mix, provision, and staffing of intensive care units, highlighting ongoing challenges related to costs, resource allocation, and admission criteria.

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Pulmonary Disease: A Review

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Joseph KI-ZEBRO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso·Pulmonology· 2022· 5 pages

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria reports have been on the rise globally, with increasing incidence and prevalence accompanied by poor outcomes. This review highlights the rising incidence, important risk factors, diagnosis and management of NTM pulmonary disease.

AOGU Position Statement on Acetaminophen Use in Pregnancy

Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Uganda (AOGU)·Obstetrics and Gynecology· 2025· 2 pages

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is recommended for treatment of fever and pain in pregnancy, despite recent media reports suggesting an association with autism spectrum disorder, as the quality of evidence supporting this claim is weak. AOGU reaffirms that Paracetamol should remain the first-line treatment for the management of pain and fever in pregnancy when medically indicated.

Hypertension Risk Factors in Adolescent Students

Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health·Cardiology· 2019· 1 pages

This study investigates the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among adolescent Senior High School students in Ghana, with a focus on the need for early intervention and education.

Abortion in Uganda

Ministry of Health (Uganda)·Obstetrics and Gynecology· 5 pages

The article outlines Uganda's restrictive abortion laws, the resulting reliance on unsafe abortions, and the associated maternal mortality and family planning challenges.

Abruption Placentae: Diagnosis and Approach to Management

KNRH·Obstetrics and Gynecology· 1 pages

An overview of placental abruption covering definition, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and maternal‑fetal complications with recommended management strategies.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anaemia in Namutumba District, Uganda

Makerere University School of Public Health·Pediatrics· 2017· 1 pages

This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Namutumba district, Uganda, and found a high prevalence of anaemia, especially among children in rural areas.

7 vs 14 Days Antibiotic Treatment for Bloodstream Infections

University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre·Infectious Diseases· 2024· 1 pages

A multicenter, noninferiority trial comparing 7-day and 14-day antibiotic treatment durations in hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections, finding that 7-day treatment was noninferior to 14-day treatment.

A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice

University of Chicago Medicine·Gastroenterology· 2016· 6 pages

This review discusses the mechanisms of cholestasis and jaundice and outlines a stepwise diagnostic approach using laboratory tests and imaging to evaluate patients with hyperbilirubinemia.

Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Rheumatologist’s Perspective

Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland·Rheumatology· 2025· 9 pages

Pulmonary manifestations are common and are among the leading causes of death for patients with rheumatic diseases; immunosuppressive therapies can be effective for CTD‑ILD, and screening high‑risk patients allows earlier intervention.

Emergencies in HIV Disease

Kiruddu National Referral Hospital·Infectious Diseases· 2024· 42 pages

A review of inpatient HIV mortality in Uganda, presenting data from Kiruddu National Referral Hospital (2020‑2023) and highlighting the high mortality rate, prevalence of advanced HIV disease, and key predictors of death.