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Maurizio Cecconi, Francesca Collino, Michael R. Pinsky
The article explains the reciprocal effects of the respiratory system on cardiac function and vice‑versa, emphasizing the impact of intrathoracic pressure changes on ventricular loading conditions. It discusses how variations in airway and pleural pressures affect right ventricular afterload and left ventricular ejection, and how these changes should be interpreted when using hemodynamic indices such as pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation. Practical guidance is provided on integrating bedside cardiac ultrasound and gas exchange measurements to evaluate the cardiovascular consequences of ventilatory settings, including the use of PEEP and assessment of recruitment versus overdistension.
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