heart failure-Oreb

Nankunda Oreb

The document presents a detailed classification of heart failure, including HFrEF and HFpEF, and enumerates common aetiologies such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and pericardial disease. Clinical features are summarized using the Flamingham criteria with sensitivity and specificity data. Current guideline‑directed medical therapy (GDMT) is outlined, highlighting the evolution of drug classes including ACE‑I, beta‑blockers, ARNI, and SGLT2 inhibitors, as well as device therapies like ICD, CRT, and LVAD. Practical guidance on referral criteria, medication adherence, and patient‑centred education is also provided.