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Clinical reviews
HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS: TWO DECADES ON
Hospital
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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions, characterized by immune-mediated injury to thyroid follicular cells. The pathophysiology involves genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and epigenetic modifications that disrupt immune tolerance. Clinical manifestations vary with the extent of thyroid dysfunction, and diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Management primarily focuses on levothyroxine replacement for overt hypothyroidism, with emerging immunomodulatory strategies under investigation.
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