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Clinical reviews
ADRENAL FAILURE: AN EVIDENCE-BASED DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
KGN Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, JSS Medical College, Saifee Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Manchester
·
Endocrinology
· 12 pages
This document provides an evidence-based diagnostic approach to adrenal insufficiency, emphasizing the need for a high index of suspicion and detailed clinical assessment.
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Clinical reviews
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN NON-ST-ELEVATION CORONARY SYNDROMES AND MULTIVESSEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Hala Kakar, MD, Frederik T.W. Groenland, MD, Jacob J. Elscot, BSc, Riccardo Rinaldi, MD, Alessandra Scoccia, MD, Isabella Kardys, MD, PhD, Rutger Jan Nuis, MD, PhD, Jeroen Wilschut, MD, Wijnand K. Den Dekker, MD, PhD, Joost Daemen, MD, PhD, Felix
·
Cardiology
· 7 pages
This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the clinical impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with that of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and multivessel disease (MVD).
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Clinical reviews
INTERFERON GAMMA - 1B FOR THE PREVENTION OF HOSPITAL - ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS: A PHASE 2, PLACEBO - CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Atlanrea study group and the Société Française d’Anesthésie Réanimation (SFAR) Research Network
·
Critical Care
· 2023
· 15 pages
This study investigates the efficacy of interferon gamma - 1b in preventing hospital-acquired pneumonia in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients through a randomized clinical trial.
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Clinical reviews
PROMOTION OF HEALTHY NUTRITION IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION: A CLINICAL CONSENSUS STATEMENT FROM THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
European Association of Preventive Cardiology
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 11 pages
This position paper discusses the importance of healthy nutrition in the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases, providing a consensus statement from experts in the field.
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Clinical reviews
APPRAISING THE PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE OF THE ROLE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN ANTENATAL PROGRAMMING OF MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: MOVING THE FIELD FORWARD: A SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT FROM THE
American Heart Association
·
Cardiology
· 15 pages
This document discusses the long-term cardiovascular health implications for women with complicated pregnancies and their offspring, focusing on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in antenatal programming.
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Clinical reviews
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Aalborg University, Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Montreal Heart Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Maastricht
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 14 pages
This document provides a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation, including its management strategies, risk factors, and the impact of lifestyle changes on patient outcomes.
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Clinical reviews
FLUID MANAGEMENT OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD
Natalia Soulages Arrese and Michael L. Green
·
Pediatrics
· 6 pages
This review summarizes current literature pertaining to fluid management for critically ill children, including an overview on crystalloid fluid and management of fluid output and complications with fluid overload.
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Clinical reviews
β‑BLOCKER AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‑ANALYSIS
Wenxing Yang, Xuehong Sun, Yushu Zhang, Zhi Lu, Zhilong Shu, Kui Zhang
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 11 pages
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the long-term therapeutic impact of beta-blocker therapy on clinical outcomes in patients after myocardial infarction (AMI). The study analyzes data from 34 observational studies to assess the effects of beta-blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and major adverse cardiac events.
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Clinical reviews
DOES THIS PATIENT HAVE VOLUME OVERLOAD?
Benjamin Drum, MD, PhD; Bryce La Course, MD; Mark Kelly, MD; Audrey York, MD; Emily Worrall, MD; Jennifer Martins, MD; Stacy Johnson, MD; Edmund A. Liles Jr, MD
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 10 pages
This document evaluates the accuracy of clinical examination, radiographic, and laboratory findings for assessing volume overload in nonintubated patients.
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Clinical reviews
TRIPLE VERSUS DUAL LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: THE ES-BEMPEDACS RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín, MD, PhD; Emad Abu Assi, MD, PhD; César Jiménez Méndez, MD; Ester Mínguez de la Guía, MD; José Ángel Pérez Rivera, MD, PhD; Marta Marcos Mangas, MD; Ana Ayesta, MD, PhD; Aitor Uribarri, MD, PhD; Pablo Jorge Pérez, MD; Pablo José
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 10 pages
This study compares the efficacy of triple versus dual lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The findings suggest significant differences in LDL cholesterol levels between the two treatment strategies.
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Clinical reviews
HYPOTHYROIDISM: A REVIEW
Layal Chaker, MD, MPH, PhD; Maria Papaleontiou, MD
·
Endocrinology
· 11 pages
This review discusses the prevalence, causes, and complications of hypothyroidism, emphasizing the importance of diagnosis and treatment.
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Clinical reviews
GASTROINTESTINAL ADVERSE EFFECTS
Endocrinology
· 12 pages
This document discusses the impact of novel incretin therapies on the management of obesity and insulin resistance, highlighting their gastrointestinal adverse effects.
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Clinical reviews
DISORDERS OF WATER IMBALANCE
Leslie Saba, Rayane El Mouallem, Elsie Touma, Ana L. Creo, Mostafa Salama, Christian Hanna
·
Pediatric Nephrology
· 2025
· 14 pages
This review focuses on the diagnosis and management of disorders of water imbalance in children, including SIADH, AVP-D, and AVP-R. It highlights contemporary approaches for subspecialist care.
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Clinical reviews
WHEN AND HOW TO USE SUBCUTANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS
Trieste University Hospital, Ospedale dell’Angelo, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Medical University of Vienna, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles
·
Infectious Diseases
· 12 pages
This document discusses the use of subcutaneous antibiotics as an alternative to intravenous therapy, particularly for patients with poor venous access or in outpatient settings. It highlights the advantages and considerations of this administration route.
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Clinical reviews
VENTRICULAR AFTERLOAD, PRELOAD, AND CARDIAC FUNCTION
Sheldon Magder, Douglas Slobod, Marco Leali
·
Cardiology
· 6 pages
This document presents a paradigm shift in understanding the circulatory system, challenging traditional concepts of preload and afterload in cardiac function. It introduces the concept of ejection 'threshold load' and discusses the implications for cardiac mechanics.
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Clinical reviews
CURRENT AND EMERGING APPROACHES FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Polydoros N. Kampaktsis, Carolyn Hennecken, Mrinali Shetty, Laura McLaughlin, Georgios Rampidis, Athanasios Samaras, Dimitrios Avgerinos, Nikolaos Spilias, Toshiki Kuno, Alexandros Briasoulis, Andrew J. Einstein
·
Cardiology
· 2024
· 16 pages
This document reviews the current use of cardiac computed tomography (CT) technologies in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD), focusing on their effectiveness and emerging applications.
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Clinical reviews
UPDATE ON INFECTION PREVENTION IN THE ICU
Humanitas University
·
Infectious Disease
· 10 pages
This review synthesizes current evidence on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in the ICU setting, highlighting recent findings and innovations, particularly in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Clinical reviews
NICE NAMES PHARMACISTS AS PART OF HEART FAILURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM FOR FIRST TIME
Pharmaceutical Journal
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 4 pages
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s updated guidance for chronic heart failure has introduced pharmacists as part of the multidisciplinary team for the first time, enabling them to take on more management of the condition.
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Clinical reviews
DEXMEDETOMIDINE’S ROLE IN ADULT ICU AFTER 20 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE—A NARRATIVE REVIEW
University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
·
Intensive Care Medicine
· 40 pages
This narrative review discusses the role of dexmedetomidine in adult ICU settings, highlighting its unique sedation properties and potential benefits in improving patient outcomes.
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Clinical reviews
ADVANCES AND UPDATES IN ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATION THERAPY
Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa; Infectious Diseases Unit, Policlinic San Martino Hospital – IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
·
Infectious Diseases
· 54 pages
This document critically examines the role of antibiotic combination therapy, highlighting its scientific foundations and proposing a pathogen-specific approach for severe acute infections.
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Clinical reviews
LONG QT SYNDROME
Peter J. Schwartz, M.D., Lia Crotti, M.D., Ph.D.
·
Cardiology
· 12 pages
This review article discusses Long QT Syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by prolonged QT intervals on ECG and a risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. It emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent sudden cardiac death.
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Clinical reviews
ALBUMIN USE IN CIRRHOSIS
University of Münster, European Foundation for Study of Chronic Liver Failure, University of Southern Denmark, Yale University, VA-CT Healthcare System
·
Gastroenterology
· 2025
· 16 pages
This document discusses the controversies surrounding the use of albumin therapy in patients with cirrhosis, focusing on its benefits and the complexities of its administration.
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Clinical reviews
PATIENT SELF-INFLICTED LUNG INJURY AN IMPORTANT PHENOMENON
Eleonora Balzani, Glasiele C. Alcala, Giacomo Bellani, Antonio Pesenti
·
Pulmonology
· 8 pages
This review summarizes mechanistic insights, preclinical and clinical evidence, and current strategies to prevent patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) while preserving diaphragmatic function.
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Clinical reviews
CHILDHOOD GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CONSIDERATIONS
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
·
Pediatric Endocrinology
· 2024
· 11 pages
This review discusses the complexities and considerations surrounding childhood growth hormone treatment, including its long-term effects and safety. It aims to provide insights into treatment goals and the approved indications for growth hormone therapy in pediatric patients.
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