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Resources
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Guidelines & protocols
Management of hypertensive crisis: British and Irish Hypertension Society Position document
British and Irish Hypertension Society
·
Cardiology
· 2022
· 17 pages
This position paper provides a framework for diagnosing, evaluating, and managing patients with hypertensive crisis, based on critical appraisal of available evidence and expert opinion.
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Clinical reviews
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN WOMEN: DO WE NEED NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES?
Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitary Hospital Fundación Alcorcón, La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Universitary Hospital Santiago de Compostela, University Hospital Vall
·
Cardiology
· 12 pages
This review discusses the underrecognition and undertreatment of cardiovascular disease in women compared to men, highlighting the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Clinical reviews
NEWLY DIAGNOSED HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: TIMING, SEQUENCING, AND TITRATION OF GUIDELINE-RECOMMENDED MEDICAL THERAPY
Erasmus MC, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Meander Medical Centre, Noordwest Hospital Group, Haaglanden Medical Centre, Amphia Ziekenhuis, Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Medisch Spectrum
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 12 pages
This document discusses the timing, sequencing, and titration of guideline-recommended medical therapy for newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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Clinical reviews
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
American College of Cardiology
·
Cardiology
· 2019
· 16 pages
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), complicating its management due to the presence of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Clinical reviews
GREAT DEBATE: CLOPIDOGREL SHOULD NOW REPLACE ASPIRIN FOR LONG-TERM SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
University of Glasgow, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, University of Bern, Catholic University School of Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Imperial College London, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital
·
Cardiology
· 14 pages
This document discusses the debate surrounding the use of clopidogrel versus aspirin for long-term secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). It presents evidence suggesting that clopidogrel may offer superior ischemic protection without the bleeding risk associated with aspirin.
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Clinical reviews
SINGLE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY DIRECTLY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS: THE OPTICA STUDY
Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University (VU), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 13 pages
This study evaluates the feasibility and safety of ticagrelor or prasugrel monotherapy directly following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).
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Clinical reviews
LIPID MANAGEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Erin D. Michos, M.D., M.H.S., John W. McEvoy, M.B., B.Ch., Roger S. Blumenthal, M.D.
·
Cardiology
· 2019
· 11 pages
This review summarizes current methods of managing serum lipid levels to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, highlighting the importance of cholesterol management and recent guidelines.
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Clinical reviews
MAGNESIUM AND BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION: SYSTEMIC AND RENAL MECHANISMS
null
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 10 pages
This document explores the relationship between magnesium deficiency and elevated blood pressure, detailing the systemic and renal mechanisms involved. It discusses the effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure regulation and the underlying physiological processes.
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Clinical reviews
BRAIN MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ACTIVATION AND ANTAGONISM IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: A HYPOTHESIS
Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, University of Michigan
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 3 pages
This document discusses the role of brain mineralocorticoid receptors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, proposing a hypothesis regarding their activation and antagonism.
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Guidelines & protocols
PREVENTION OF HEART FAILURE
Heart Failure Association, European Association of Preventive Cardiology, Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions
·
Cardiology
· 21 pages
This document is a scientific statement from the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions, focusing on strategies for preventing heart failure.
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Clinical reviews
HEART FAILURE WITH MILDLY REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: A HEART FAILURE SOCIETY OF AMERICA SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT
Heart Failure Society of America
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 16 pages
This scientific statement provides a comprehensive review of heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), focusing on its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology, while offering a clinical framework for treatment.
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Clinical reviews
THE FENOFIBRATE ERA
null
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 12 pages
This review critically assesses the role of fibrates in modern medicine, particularly in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and residual cardiovascular risk in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia.
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Clinical reviews
HIGH-SENSITIVITY TROPONINS AND MORTALITY IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
University of Galway School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 11 pages
This study aimed to characterize correlations between high-sensitivity troponin assays and their associations with mortality in adults without cardiovascular disease.
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Clinical reviews
GREAT DEBATE: IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE, ACETAZOLAMIDE IN ADDITION TO LOOP DIURETICS IS THE FIRST CHOICE
Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Hasselt University, University Hospital Jena, Hannover Medical School
·
Cardiology
· 11 pages
This document presents a debate on the use of acetazolamide in addition to loop diuretics for patients with decompensated heart failure, discussing both the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment approach.
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Clinical reviews
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN NON-ST-ELEVATION CORONARY SYNDROMES AND MULTIVESSEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Hala Kakar, MD, Frederik T.W. Groenland, MD, Jacob J. Elscot, BSc, Riccardo Rinaldi, MD, Alessandra Scoccia, MD, Isabella Kardys, MD, PhD, Rutger Jan Nuis, MD, PhD, Jeroen Wilschut, MD, Wijnand K. Den Dekker, MD, PhD, Joost Daemen, MD, PhD, Felix
·
Cardiology
· 7 pages
This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the clinical impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with that of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and multivessel disease (MVD).
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Clinical reviews
PROMOTION OF HEALTHY NUTRITION IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION: A CLINICAL CONSENSUS STATEMENT FROM THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
European Association of Preventive Cardiology
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 11 pages
This position paper discusses the importance of healthy nutrition in the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases, providing a consensus statement from experts in the field.
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Clinical reviews
APPRAISING THE PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE OF THE ROLE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN ANTENATAL PROGRAMMING OF MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: MOVING THE FIELD FORWARD: A SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT FROM THE
American Heart Association
·
Cardiology
· 15 pages
This document discusses the long-term cardiovascular health implications for women with complicated pregnancies and their offspring, focusing on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in antenatal programming.
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Case scenarios
PERICARDIOCENTESIS: ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE IS ESSENTIAL
Pablo Blanco, Liliana Figueroa, María Fernanda Menéndez, Belén Berrueta
·
Cardiology
· 6 pages
This case report discusses the importance of ultrasound guidance in performing pericardiocentesis, highlighting a case where a blind technique failed and ultrasound guidance proved effective.
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Clinical reviews
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Aalborg University, Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Montreal Heart Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Maastricht
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 14 pages
This document provides a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation, including its management strategies, risk factors, and the impact of lifestyle changes on patient outcomes.
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Clinical reviews
β‑BLOCKER AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‑ANALYSIS
Wenxing Yang, Xuehong Sun, Yushu Zhang, Zhi Lu, Zhilong Shu, Kui Zhang
·
Cardiology
· 2025
· 11 pages
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the long-term therapeutic impact of beta-blocker therapy on clinical outcomes in patients after myocardial infarction (AMI). The study analyzes data from 34 observational studies to assess the effects of beta-blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and major adverse cardiac events.
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Clinical reviews
DOES THIS PATIENT HAVE VOLUME OVERLOAD?
Benjamin Drum, MD, PhD; Bryce La Course, MD; Mark Kelly, MD; Audrey York, MD; Emily Worrall, MD; Jennifer Martins, MD; Stacy Johnson, MD; Edmund A. Liles Jr, MD
·
Cardiology
· 2026
· 10 pages
This document evaluates the accuracy of clinical examination, radiographic, and laboratory findings for assessing volume overload in nonintubated patients.
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Clinical reviews
TRIPLE VERSUS DUAL LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: THE ES-BEMPEDACS RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín, MD, PhD; Emad Abu Assi, MD, PhD; César Jiménez Méndez, MD; Ester Mínguez de la Guía, MD; José Ángel Pérez Rivera, MD, PhD; Marta Marcos Mangas, MD; Ana Ayesta, MD, PhD; Aitor Uribarri, MD, PhD; Pablo Jorge Pérez, MD; Pablo José
·
Cardiology
· 2023
· 10 pages
This study compares the efficacy of triple versus dual lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The findings suggest significant differences in LDL cholesterol levels between the two treatment strategies.
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Clinical reviews
VENTRICULAR AFTERLOAD, PRELOAD, AND CARDIAC FUNCTION
Sheldon Magder, Douglas Slobod, Marco Leali
·
Cardiology
· 6 pages
This document presents a paradigm shift in understanding the circulatory system, challenging traditional concepts of preload and afterload in cardiac function. It introduces the concept of ejection 'threshold load' and discusses the implications for cardiac mechanics.
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Clinical reviews
CURRENT AND EMERGING APPROACHES FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Polydoros N. Kampaktsis, Carolyn Hennecken, Mrinali Shetty, Laura McLaughlin, Georgios Rampidis, Athanasios Samaras, Dimitrios Avgerinos, Nikolaos Spilias, Toshiki Kuno, Alexandros Briasoulis, Andrew J. Einstein
·
Cardiology
· 2024
· 16 pages
This document reviews the current use of cardiac computed tomography (CT) technologies in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD), focusing on their effectiveness and emerging applications.
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